Kidney MCQs Quiz Multiple Choice Questions & Answers

1. All the following statements are true of the H⁺ secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except

1. can combine with NH₄⁺
2. can combine with HCO₃
3. can combine with HPO
4. can remains as free H

2. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate via active transport in the

1. proximal tubule
2. loop of Henle
3. distal tubule
4. collecting duct

3. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the following reasons

1. its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis
2. the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH₃
3. the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH₄
4. its acid base reaction has a low pK_a

4. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes increase in

1. release of renin
2. secretion of aldosterone
3. secretion of ADH
4. release of natriuretic hormone

5. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment will

1. stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors, and inhibit ADH secretion
2. inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors, and stimulate ADH secretion
3. inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors, and inhibit ADH secretion
4. stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors, and stimulate ADH secretion

6. Carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in all the following except

1. the renal handing of HCO₃^– within the cells of the proximal tubule
2. the renal handling of HCO₃^– within the lumen of proximal tubule
3. the renal handling of HCO₃^– within the cells of the tubules of the distal nephron
4. the renal handling of HCO₃^– within the lumen of the tubules of the distal nephron

7. Diamox causes

1. water diuresis
2. hypokalaemia
3. alkalosis
4. all of the above

8. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the following except

1. sulfuric acid
2. phosphate acid
3. lactic acid
4. carbonic acid

9. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by

1. constriction of the afferent arteriole
2. a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure
3. compression of the renal capsule
4. a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

10. H⁺ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following except

1. an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone
2. an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions
3. hyperkalemia
4. metabolic acidosis

11. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone, which of the following factors is least important ?

1. renin
2. angiotensin II
3. concentration of plasma Na⁺
4. adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

12. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by increased

1. sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney
2. atrial natriuretic hormone secretion
3. antidiuretic hormone secretion
4. aldosterone secretion

13. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to

1. water
2. ammonia
3. urea
4. sodium

14. K⁺ excretion is markedly influenced by

1. aldosterone
2. amount of Na⁺ delivered to tubules
3. rate of tubular secretion of H⁺
4. all of the above

15. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following except

1. sodium
2. hemoglobin
3. chloride
4. albumin

16. More hydrogen is secreted in

1. alkalosis
2. administration of diamox
3. hypokalaemia
4. hyperventilation.

17. Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus undergoes reabsorption in the

1. proximal tubule
2. descending limp of the loop of Henle
3. ascending limb of the loop of Henle
4. distal tubule

18. Reabsorption of Na⁺

1. takes place in association with CL^- & HCO₃^–
2. occurs only in PT
3. is under control of parathormone hormone
4. is a passive process

19. Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in

1. alkalosis
2. acidosis
3. increased secretion of HCO₃^-
4. increased secretion of H⁺

20. Select the correct answer about proximal tubules

1. K⁺ is secreted in exchange with the Na⁺ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone
2. glucose, amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed
3. only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed
4. parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption

21. Significant buffers for hydrogen ions generated in the body from anaerobic metabolism include all the following except

1. extracellular bicarbonate
2. plasma proteins
3. plasma lactate
4. inorganic phosphate

22. The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will increase if

1. the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases
2. the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases
3. the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases
4. the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases

23. The amount of H+ excreted as titratable acid bound to phosphate would be increased by all the following except

1. an increase in the amount of phosphate filtered at the glomerulus
2. an increase in the pH of the urine
3. an increase in the dietary intake of phosphate
4. an increase in the level of plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH )

24. The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if

1. distal tubular flow increases
2. circulating aldosterone level increase
3. dietary intake of potassium increase
4. Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases

25. The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to

1. increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water
2. increase the excretion of Na⁺
3. increase the excretion of water
4. increase the diameter of the renal artery

26. The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of all the following except

1. fenestrated capillary endothelium
2. macula densa
3. basement membrane
4. podocytes

27. The glomerular filtration rate will increase if

1. circulating blood volume increase
2. the afferent arteriolar resistance increases
3. the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases
4. the plasma protein concentration decreases

28. The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal tubule is associated with

1. excretion of potassium ion
2. excretion of hydrogen ion
3. reabsorption of calcium ion
4. reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

29. The hypothalamus will effect the release of ADH in response to all the following stimuli except

1. dehydration
2. severe hemorrhage
3. nicotine
4. pain, anxiety, or surgical stress

30. The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate, creatinine is

1. proximal tubule
2. loop of Henle
3. distal tubule
4. collecting duct

31. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the

1. diffusion constant of the substance
2. clearance of the substance
3. extraction ratio of the substance
4. tubular mass of the substance

32. Urinary volume is increased by all the following except

1. diabetes insipidus
2. diabetes mellitus
3. sympathetic stimulation
4. increased renal arterial pressure

33. When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the

1. glomerular filtrate
2. proximal tubule
3. loop of Henle
4. distal convoluted tubule

34. Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?

1. glucose
2. creatinine
3. sodium
4. bicarbonate

35. Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is correct?

1. it produces its effect by activating C-AMP
2. it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium
3. it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion
4. it has its main effect on the proximal tubule

36. About the proximal convoluted tubules, all are true except

1. reabsorb most of Na⁺ ions in glomerular filtrate
2. reabsorb most of Cl^- ions in glomerular filtrate
3. reabsorb most of K⁺ ions in glomerular filtrate
4. contains JGCs which secrete renin

37. About urea, all are true except

1. concentration rises in tubular fluid as the glomerular filtrate passes down the nephron
2. is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells
3. concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet
4. causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased