Kidney MCQ Questions and Answers for Practice

1. All the following statements are true of the H⁺ secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except

1. can combine with NH₄⁺
2. can combine with HCO₃
3. can combine with HPO
4. can remains as free H

2. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate via active transport in the

1. proximal tubule
2. loop of Henle
3. distal tubule
4. collecting duct

3. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the following reasons

1. its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis
2. the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH₃
3. the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH₄
4. its acid base reaction has a low pK_a

4. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes increase in

1. release of renin
2. secretion of aldosterone
3. secretion of ADH
4. release of natriuretic hormone

5. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment will

1. stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors, and inhibit ADH secretion
2. inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors, and stimulate ADH secretion
3. inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors, and inhibit ADH secretion
4. stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors, and stimulate ADH secretion

6. Carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in all the following except

1. the renal handing of HCO₃^– within the cells of the proximal tubule
2. the renal handling of HCO₃^– within the lumen of proximal tubule
3. the renal handling of HCO₃^– within the cells of the tubules of the distal nephron
4. the renal handling of HCO₃^– within the lumen of the tubules of the distal nephron

7. Diamox causes

1. water diuresis
2. hypokalaemia
3. alkalosis
4. all of the above

8. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the following except

1. sulfuric acid
2. phosphate acid
3. lactic acid
4. carbonic acid

9. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by

1. constriction of the afferent arteriole
2. a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure
3. compression of the renal capsule
4. a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

10. H⁺ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following except

1. an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone
2. an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions
3. hyperkalemia
4. metabolic acidosis

11. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone, which of the following factors is least important ?

1. renin
2. angiotensin II
3. concentration of plasma Na⁺
4. adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

12. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by increased

1. sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney
2. atrial natriuretic hormone secretion
3. antidiuretic hormone secretion
4. aldosterone secretion

13. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to

1. water
2. ammonia
3. urea
4. sodium

14. K⁺ excretion is markedly influenced by

1. aldosterone
2. amount of Na⁺ delivered to tubules
3. rate of tubular secretion of H⁺
4. all of the above

15. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following except

1. sodium
2. hemoglobin
3. chloride
4. albumin